The word "app", which is an abbreviation for "application", is a program or piece of software that can run on your PC, laptop, tablet, phone, or any other electronic device, and may or may not need a connection to the internet. The word “app” is typically used to describe anything that isn't a full-fledged software program. (From lifewire.com)
Here is a video from GCFLearnFree:
Computer Basics: Understanding Applications
There are 3 main types of apps - desktop apps, mobile apps and web apps.
Microsoft Word
Adobe Photoshop image editor - a full software program that runs on your computer. Adobe Photoshop Sketch - a mobile app that lets you draw and paint from a portable device. It's more of a condensed version of the desktop application. Adobe Photoshop Express Editor - the web app.
Some are more full-featured apps (like Microsoft Word), while others may only do one or two things (like a clock or calendar app). Below are just a few types of applications you might use.
There are thousands of apps that can be downloaded to mobile devices like smartphones and tablets, available for Android and iOS devices: